funerary sculpture .- L 
to death in the Middle Ages is reflected in a rich iconography, in part by the experience of the worst pandemic of history: the Black Death, and the other by the need to project over time. Thus, death is not only generally as a skeleton carrying a scythe, the symbol of the futility of life, but also represents individual so as honoring the deceased. Thus, the deceased appears generally so lying, as if he were asleep with their clothes or weapons of cavalry, accompanied by praying figures that are placed next to the sarcophagus. Example: Tomb Philippe Pot.
to death in the Middle Ages is reflected in a rich iconography, in part by the experience of the worst pandemic of history: the Black Death, and the other by the need to project over time. Thus, death is not only generally as a skeleton carrying a scythe, the symbol of the futility of life, but also represents individual so as honoring the deceased. Thus, the deceased appears generally so lying, as if he were asleep with their clothes or weapons of cavalry, accompanied by praying figures that are placed next to the sarcophagus. Example: Tomb Philippe Pot. Portrait .- In the Gothic period the figure of the client, the person who ordered the execution of an artistic work. This resulted in many of them, either by the desire to prescriptive over time or by simple vanity to demonstrate their power and wealth required to be represented in the work, most often appeared on her knees giving the sides of the religious figures. In this regard, The best example is the front of the cathedral of Dijon , in which the sculptor Claus Sluter , donors placed Felipe , the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and his wife Margaret of Flanders in company their religious employers San Juan and Santa Catalina, all in an attitude of devotion to the Virgin Mary.
Pulpits .- The The pulpits were raised platforms that were in the churches for the purpose of facilitating liturgical activities, such as preach the gospel . Franciscan monks became fashionable pulpits decorated with biblical imagery. The novelty of these structures is that besides being an adjunct to the liturgy were true architectural sculptures. The most famous pulpits were performed by Nicholas and Italian Giovanni Pisano such as the pulpits of the Baptistery of Pisa, Siena's cathedral, the church of San Andrés de Pistoia, etc.
pulpit of the cathedral of Siena, Nicolas and Giovanni Pisano .- Nicholas Pisano and Giovanni Pisano .- ( approx. 1205 to 1280 and 1250 -1314, respectively ). Father and son, considered the greatest sculptors of the Italian Gothic. They often worked together, although their styles may be different in this sense can be said that the figures of Giovanni have greater emotional charge and are smarter than the father, following the French Gothic style.
Along with his work sculpture, the Pisano was recognized architects, his masterpiece was the cathedral of Siena.
In 1260, Nicholas carved pulpit the Baptistery of Pisa, which achieved a superb adaptation of classical forms to the new context Gothic. So inspired by an ancient Greek sarcophagus took the figure of a naked Hercules and transformed in Christ, equipping it with feelings. Also authored the pulpit of the Cathedral of Siena and Perugia source in collaboration with his son Giovanni Pisano .
Along with his work sculpture, the Pisano was recognized architects, his masterpiece was the cathedral of Siena.
In 1260, Nicholas carved pulpit the Baptistery of Pisa, which achieved a superb adaptation of classical forms to the new context Gothic. So inspired by an ancient Greek sarcophagus took the figure of a naked Hercules and transformed in Christ, equipping it with feelings. Also authored the pulpit of the Cathedral of Siena and Perugia source in collaboration with his son Giovanni Pisano .
Nicholas Pisano. Pisa Baptistery pulpit (1260). Inside the baptistery built in Romanesque style is the outstanding and innovative white marble pulpit. The same is sustained on a central column mounted on a pedestal with grotesque imagery, allegories of ancient pagan religions . The six external columns alternately resting on the backs of three lions to represent the triumph of Christianity. The capitals are decorated with plant motifs and the arches are composed of a tri-lobed arch within a half point. The spandrels between the arches are carved with images of the Prophets and virtues. All this forms the structure on which rests the pulpit itself is hexagonal. In the five panels of the pulpit (because the sixth is open to allow access) were carved in the classical manner, ie Greek with a profusion of figures, the life of Jesus from the Annunciation to the Crucifixion. Note the muscular figure of Christ in remembrance of a Hercules seen in an ancient sarcophagus . Finally we see an eagle crowned the pulpit.
Around 1280 Nicholas died and was replaced by his son Giovanni in the direction of workshop. This , alone or in company with Father carved the figures of the facade of the Baptistery of Pisa (now in the National Museum). Giovanni
achieved the full development of his art in Siena ; in in 1278 was appointed Chief Architect replacing his father, continuing the decoration of the cathedral and its pulpit, the figure of Prudence carved into the pulpit should have inspired Masaccio to paint Eva in the box "Expulsion from Paradise." The figures on the facade have tremendous strength and inner life, many of these statues were transferred for safety to the museums.
achieved the full development of his art in Siena ; in in 1278 was appointed Chief Architect replacing his father, continuing the decoration of the cathedral and its pulpit, the figure of Prudence carved into the pulpit should have inspired Masaccio to paint Eva in the box "Expulsion from Paradise." The figures on the facade have tremendous strength and inner life, many of these statues were transferred for safety to the museums.
Giovanni also carved the pulpit of the church of San Andres, Pistoia and the Cathedral of Pisa. He also worked in sculpture bust independent architectural framework, the best known in the " Madonna and Child" located on the altar of the cathedral of Padua . It's amazing realism and dramatic tension of his figures, characteristics that have led critics to consider Giovanni in the sculpture played a role akin to Giotto in painting. The asteroid "7313 Pisano" was named in honor of Nicholas and Giovanni Pisano
Giovanni Pisano. Pulpit of the Cathedral of San Andrés ( Pistoia, Italy). Marble. 1301. The five reliefs pulpit the Annunciation, the Nativity, the Adoration of the Magi, the slaughter of the innocents, the crucifixion and the doomsday .
Giovanni Pisano. Pulpit of the Cathedral of San Andres . The Massacre of the Innocents (detail) Andrea Pisano and Nino Pisano .- ( about 1290 to 1348 and from 1315 to 1368 respectively).
Father and son were both sculptors and architects of Florence. Andrea
worked in Florence, Pisa and Orvieto , probably around the year 1341 he left Florence with
h ijos Nino and Tommaso and moved to Orvieto where he died suddenly because of the Black Death. The work of Andrea is highlighted by an elegant harmony, he was able to represent excellence in the folds of the garments to the figures give a corporate brand, as well as the backdrop used as a counterpoint to his relief. His greatest work is the bronze door of the Baptistery Florence. The cast of this door was made in 1332, however the assembly was delayed 3 years. There are 14 scenes in each of the gates, the first 10 recount the life of San Juan Bautista and the last 4 refer to the virtues. The figures are framed in a lobed .
As an architect, went to Andrea Pisano happen Giotto in the construction the bell tower of Santa Maria of Fiore in Florence.
turn, Nino , collaborated with his father in the development of several works, being his assistant in the decoration of the door of the Baptistery in Florence. Also made several independent figures architectural framework.
Father and son were both sculptors and architects of Florence. Andrea
worked in Florence, Pisa and Orvieto , probably around the year 1341 he left Florence with
h ijos Nino and Tommaso and moved to Orvieto where he died suddenly because of the Black Death. The work of Andrea is highlighted by an elegant harmony, he was able to represent excellence in the folds of the garments to the figures give a corporate brand, as well as the backdrop used as a counterpoint to his relief. His greatest work is the bronze door of the Baptistery Florence. The cast of this door was made in 1332, however the assembly was delayed 3 years. There are 14 scenes in each of the gates, the first 10 recount the life of San Juan Bautista and the last 4 refer to the virtues. The figures are framed in a lobed . As an architect, went to Andrea Pisano happen Giotto in the construction the bell tower of Santa Maria of Fiore in Florence.
turn, Nino , collaborated with his father in the development of several works, being his assistant in the decoration of the door of the Baptistery in Florence. Also made several independent figures architectural framework.
Claus Sluter .- (1355-1406 approx.) Gothic sculptor of Flemish origin, the main representative of sculpture Burgundy. Born in Holland, was formed in Brussels and entered the service of Duke of Burgundy, as an assistant to Jean of Marville in construction of the Monastery of Champmol in Dijon .
the late XII, during the reign of Felipe the Fair, the French monarchy had made great efforts in organizing the central administration, but the country still did not achieve homogeneity policy . Some regions were ruled by princes who ruled as "imitatio regni ", that is as true sovereigns with absolute independence. The courts of the dukes of Anjou of Berry and Burgundy vied with the king of France, not only in politics but also in art.
In this sense, it highlights the work of Felipe of Valois, the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and brother of Charles V who in their eagerness to equate Paris built the monastery of Champmol in Dijon , family memorial, among the great artists were invited CLAUS SLUT who exercised significant influence on the art Burgundian. Sluter was appointed principal sculptor, to the death of Marville and enjoyed great creative freedom to express their originality . His style even though located within the Gothic soft or international is realistic. His work is very emotional and heavy robes and abundant in cascades full hinting motion of bodies. Major works: The cover of the Charterhouse of Champmol , the memorial of Philip the Bold, the well of Moses.
the late XII, during the reign of Felipe the Fair, the French monarchy had made great efforts in organizing the central administration, but the country still did not achieve homogeneity policy . Some regions were ruled by princes who ruled as "imitatio regni ", that is as true sovereigns with absolute independence. The courts of the dukes of Anjou of Berry and Burgundy vied with the king of France, not only in politics but also in art.
In this sense, it highlights the work of Felipe of Valois, the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and brother of Charles V who in their eagerness to equate Paris built the monastery of Champmol in Dijon , family memorial, among the great artists were invited CLAUS SLUT who exercised significant influence on the art Burgundian. Sluter was appointed principal sculptor, to the death of Marville and enjoyed great creative freedom to express their originality . His style even though located within the Gothic soft or international is realistic. His work is very emotional and heavy robes and abundant in cascades full hinting motion of bodies. Major works: The cover of the Charterhouse of Champmol , the memorial of Philip the Bold, the well of Moses.
Claus Sluter . home Champmol , Dijon .- sculptures Claus Sluter are totally free of framework. In the mullion is the Madonna and Child, there is great control of body movement, in effect, the Virgin appears wrapped in a blanket of delicious folds that create an effect motion. On the sides are donors Felipe , the bold, Duke of Burgundy and his wife Margaret of Flanders ( kneeling), along with San Juan and Santa Catalina. It is curious that on the cover of a church represent characters live and lay as it was a place reserved for patron saints and biblical characters of the site. Jean Pépin Huy .- French sculptor and carver, worked for the Countess of Mahaut of Artois . The activity of this artist is closely linked to the patronage of the Countess, so much so that there is no evidence of work done by the artist, after her death. Made the tomb of Duke Otto of Burgundy, which retains only a figure weeping, the tomb of Robert of Artois plus a small marble carved statue of the Virgin and Child a true work of art, this figurine was donated by the Countess to the monastery of Mont Sainte Marie.
Final Gothic sculpture:
Gothic art was succeeded the Renaissance. Italy, the country most likely to Classic was the first place gave way to the new trend.
"... The end of Gothic sculpture can pinpoint the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy in the early fifteenth century with the famous competition for the commissioning of the doors of the Baptistery of the Cathedral of Florence ..." ( Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).
However, the Gothic influence spread beyond the Italian boundaries, in places like Spain and northern Europe (Germany and Flanders), where models can be found until the early Gothic XVI.
Final Gothic sculpture:
Gothic art was succeeded the Renaissance. Italy, the country most likely to Classic was the first place gave way to the new trend.
"... The end of Gothic sculpture can pinpoint the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy in the early fifteenth century with the famous competition for the commissioning of the doors of the Baptistery of the Cathedral of Florence ..." ( Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).
However, the Gothic influence spread beyond the Italian boundaries, in places like Spain and northern Europe (Germany and Flanders), where models can be found until the early Gothic XVI.
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