Monday, December 1, 2008
Some Nice Quotes For Birthday Wihses
Gothic sculpture in breaking some icons from the Romanesque period, such as the hieratic and frontal of the figures, leading to a progressive naturalism. The expression changes, the figures become more humane and reflect feelings for the purpose of adapting to a new mindset in line with the philosophical concepts of man and nature. Thus the representation of Christ is made from a human perspective to bring it to the believer, so does the Virgin Mary, and does not play like a throne where Christ sits to rule, but appears more maternal and feminine.
"... Gothic sculpture rooted in the Romanesque period that inherited much of the subject and many of its functional and aesthetic principles, but it is profoundly different in two fundamental ways. On the one hand, Gothic sculpture, though essentially Romanesque monumental as it tends to become independent from the demands of architectural space, or else, away from the rigidity of Byzantine origin and schematic of the Romanesque to open themselves to a naturalism and realism which will increase along its evolution ... "(" History of Art ". Ed. Lafer, volume 2, p. . 222)
Virgen Blanca de Toledo We can also say that, as happens in the architecture, the Gothic plastic reflects light and weightlessness, which is evident in the styling and elongation of the figures and their positions curve, especially during the XIV century .
Indeed, from this century Gothic forms evolve into a mannerist style, which emphasizes the emotional traits and the figures are bent to acquire a sinuous profile, highlighted by the folds of the garments.
developed during the Gothic two types of sculpture:
1) The monumental sculpture: dependent architecture and made of stone is crafted to decorate profusely cathedral facades, however there was a gradual release of the architectural framework more naturalistic, with respect to the Romanesque sculpture, as stated above.
1) The monumental sculpture: dependent architecture and made of stone is crafted to decorate profusely cathedral facades, however there was a gradual release of the architectural framework more naturalistic, with respect to the Romanesque sculpture, as stated above.
Chartres Cathedral . Home of the triumph of the Virgin. (France). In 12o4, the Count of Blois donated to the cathedral of Chartres the head of Santa Ana, in whose honor was placed the figure of the saint at the door mullion central. In the tympanum are depicted the death and Assumption of the Virgin, in the upper end is the Virgin in Majesty with the child Jesus sitting on his lap. The scene is surrounded by angels and different figures of the Old Testament.
the foolish virgins .- Magdeburg Cathedral. The group is made up of 5 wise and 5 foolish virgins dressed in the fashion of the thirteenth century, appear without any idealization as girls of the time. The claim raised prudent oil lamps, while the drop foolish. All figures were polychrome, which gave the whole extraordinary vivacity. The virgins with their garments moving and beautiful gestures are freed from the rigidity of monumental statuary and deny the axial arrangement determined by the architecture, thus, the classical view is extended toward the front sides. 2) round bust sculpture: are figures made from wood polychrome , ivory or metal completely independent of the architecture. With them, Gothic art regains classical concept of sculpture; the theme of the works is fundamentally religious in nature. In Germany will, for the first time since the old an equestrian sculpture in the round, or Knight Rider Bamberg.
Knight Bamberg. This is the first tall-size horses since ancient times. The identity of the character, but is presumed to be St. Stephen of Hungary. is in the cathedral of Bamberg, and was built between 1225 and 1237 .- also has an important funerary sculpture. On the bed burial is depicted the deceased reclining position and praying, sometimes, according to the importance of the deceased was accompanied by a funeral procession consisting of llorantes and hoods. This type of sculpture was commissioned by nobles and burghers and placed on the chapels.
Filippe Tomb Le Pot, from the abbey of Citeaux, Paris. Louvre Museum. There is an important iconography of death during the Middle Ages, not only is represented as a skeleton carrying a scythe, the symbol of the futility of life, but also individually giving you a posthumous tribute to the deceased, who usually appears reclining, as if was asleep with his clothes or weapons of cavalry, together with figures praying.
also have the pulpit and choir stalls, which served a decorative function of an additional very important, last served as a seat at the great and were richly decorated by reliefs in wood.
FEATURES OF THE GOTHIC SCULPTURE .-
NATURAL A fundamental feature of Gothic sculpture is profound realism, the teacher draws directly in nature to the conception of figure.
"... Romanesque art, dominated by the apocalyptic God and a transcendent vision and symbolic of the universe is replaced by a decided pleasure in the beauties of nature, admirable as they are works of God, and a balanced humanism dignified and deeply Christian man and all creation, therefore considered as manifestations of the eternal truths. No field of reality is as alien to the interests of sculptors who delight in representing reality as they are in different realms of nature ... "(History of Art. Edt. Lafer, volume 2, page . 223)
timidly Gothic artists interested in the human body and thus we see that inspiration in classical art to display the body structure beneath the folds of the dresses, and even some nudity will appear as a personification of sin and the condemnation of the soul, as it raised the Bosco in Flemish .
Filippo Calendario.-Original Sin. (detail) The Doge's Palace. Venice. Before being executed in the year 1355 for having particiapado in a plot against the Doge, Calendar had worked in the construction of Palazzo del Doge. He made sculptures of Noah's drunkenness and the original sin, both show a strong expression and naturalism. Are separated by a fig tree with a serpent coiled. Adam and Eve not miran.sino who turn to the spectator. Eva holds a fig (instead of an apple) in his right hand and left notes to Adam, making it part of sin. Obviously, the author's ability to copy nature
"... Again, as in time of great awakening Greece, began to contemplate nature, not to copy as much to learn from it to make figures look convincing. However, there is a difference between Greek and Gothic art, between art of the temple and the cathedral. Artists V century BC Greeks were interested primarily in how to build the image of a beautiful body. For the Gothic artist, all these methods and resources were simply means to an end: to represent the sacred subject of the most moving and truthful as possible ... ("The Story of Art" EHGombrich. Edt . Phaidon ., P. . 193).
HUMANIZATION : The representation of the life of Christ and the saints in response to a natural human mentality, next to the philosophical concepts of man and nature of scholastic philosophy.
"... The geometric hieratic figure Romanesque sculpture that induces a perception timeless and symbolic gives way to a natural progression ...."
"... Romanesque art, dominated by the apocalyptic God and a transcendent vision and symbolic of the universe is replaced by a decided pleasure in the beauties of nature, admirable as they are works of God, and a balanced humanism dignified and deeply Christian man and all creation, therefore considered as manifestations of the eternal truths. No field of reality is as alien to the interests of sculptors who delight in representing reality as they are in different realms of nature ... "(History of Art. Edt. Lafer, volume 2, page . 223)
timidly Gothic artists interested in the human body and thus we see that inspiration in classical art to display the body structure beneath the folds of the dresses, and even some nudity will appear as a personification of sin and the condemnation of the soul, as it raised the Bosco in Flemish .
Filippo Calendario.-Original Sin. (detail) The Doge's Palace. Venice. Before being executed in the year 1355 for having particiapado in a plot against the Doge, Calendar had worked in the construction of Palazzo del Doge. He made sculptures of Noah's drunkenness and the original sin, both show a strong expression and naturalism. Are separated by a fig tree with a serpent coiled. Adam and Eve not miran.sino who turn to the spectator. Eva holds a fig (instead of an apple) in his right hand and left notes to Adam, making it part of sin. Obviously, the author's ability to copy nature "... Again, as in time of great awakening Greece, began to contemplate nature, not to copy as much to learn from it to make figures look convincing. However, there is a difference between Greek and Gothic art, between art of the temple and the cathedral. Artists V century BC Greeks were interested primarily in how to build the image of a beautiful body. For the Gothic artist, all these methods and resources were simply means to an end: to represent the sacred subject of the most moving and truthful as possible ... ("The Story of Art" EHGombrich. Edt . Phaidon ., P. . 193).
HUMANIZATION : The representation of the life of Christ and the saints in response to a natural human mentality, next to the philosophical concepts of man and nature of scholastic philosophy.
"... The geometric hieratic figure Romanesque sculpture that induces a perception timeless and symbolic gives way to a natural progression ...."
Maria Lactans. National Museum of San Mateo, Pisa. The marble sculpture was made between 1343 and 1347 for the Church of Santa Maria della Spina. There are doubts about its author, Vasari was attributed to Nino Pisano, the son of Andrea Pisano, but now considers that it is the work of the father. This Virgin, the first breast-feeding appears in the Italian art is a clear demonstration of the humanization of the figures, nothing more beautiful and natural that a mother breastfeeding her child. The Virgin nursing, rather than queen of heaven is the mother of God and humanity. This humanization of the figures in Gothic sculpture aims to bring the believer religious dogmas, bleeding issues are represented in a more emotional and sincere, hence the figures reflect human emotions, the figures laugh, cry, suffer as any Christian in this sense we can say that Gothic art is deeply expressive.
.jpg)
The angel of the smile, Reims Cathedral (France). Notre-Dame de Reims is also known as the "cathedral of coronations" or the "cathedral of the angels." This is because the side buttresses are surmounted by niches occupied by large angels with outstretched wings. The most famous of all, the Angel of the smile, located on the front of the left is the emblem of the city. Examples of this humanization, we note that if in the Romanesque, Christ appears serene and insensitive to pain in the Gothic style is represented as a man suffering from all the suffering of martyrdom and death, this Christ sore approaches to suffering humanity and emphasizes redemption. The Virgin Mary leaves the hieratic and distant attitude of the Romanesque, ceases to be represented as a throne for her son and adopted a more feminine and maternal, there is visual contact between she and Jesus and his face full of gentleness and even ronríe . Also the mother is represented as painful, pain transfixed by the passion and death of her son.
MONUMENTAL CHARACTER: monumental sculpture is defined as one that is created to enhance the architecture and which is closely integrated as a unit, so you can not conceive the first regardless of the latter.
Puerta de la Catedral de Burgos
Inherit the world
Romanesque Gothic art also developed an intense monumental sculpture, although there are some changes, such as:
1 .- Dependence of sculpture to architectural support softens in the new period. The sculptures begin to break free from the walls and become increasingly autonomous way the columns appear, statues, despite being integrated into the space, retain their autonomy and are detached from the architectural setting.
2 .-. Gothic monumental sculpture is located primarily outside the building, especially on the front of the cathedral. In the spandrels of the gates still standing Christ Pantocrator Accompanied by the fourfold , ie accompanied Christ as Judge of the four Evangelists or their symbols, as well usually complete the scene with the elders of the Apocalypse in archivolts . Also often depicted scenes of the Virgin Mary.
Home of Our Lady of Paris .- Its the doomsday argument. At the center appears enthroned Christ, lifting his hand to the wound of martyrdom, beside two angels holding the instruments of the Passion (the cross and the spear). Follow the figures of the Virgin and St. John, who appear on his knees to intercede for mankind. Christ is seated on an image of the heavenly Jerusalem spoken of in the Apocalypse of St. John. Below, an angel weighs the souls go to hell convicts bound by one of the devils and the righteous to heaven where they are met by another angel archivolt located on the left. The jambs are represented the twelve apostles of Christ overlooking the mullion.
.jpg)
White Lion Virgin
The mullion of the main entrance of the cathedral of León find the figure of the Virgen Blanca, considered one of the most attractive images of English Gothic. Today we look back, keeping the original in one of the chapels of the ambulatory. El Niño shows a slight smile that reflects a finer art than the rest of the figures on the cover.
3 .- During the Romanesque period, the capital was very important religious and architectural example of this was the famous decorated capitals. But in the Gothic, the capitals are no longer an important space for the relief and shape is simplified and stylized, to be extinguished in a group of nerves that are integrated into the vault.
4 .- Finally, the gargoyles and monsters appear that, apart from an ornamental function, were used to expel water.
3 .- During the Romanesque period, the capital was very important religious and architectural example of this was the famous decorated capitals. But in the Gothic, the capitals are no longer an important space for the relief and shape is simplified and stylized, to be extinguished in a group of nerves that are integrated into the vault.
4 .- Finally, the gargoyles and monsters appear that, apart from an ornamental function, were used to expel water.
Gargoyles of Notre Dame de Paris .- Gargoyles are creatures related inmaginarios mediovales Bestiaries, the word derives from French "gargouille" which means something like a gargle. Met 3 functions: draining the roofs, aesthetically decorate these drains and banish the witches and demons. TEACHING ROLE :
The didactic message is still present in Gothic sculpture, "... however, we note that the Gothic sculptor has undertaken his task with renewed spirit. For him, these statues are not just symbols sacred, solemn evocations of a truth moral, but each must be a valid set itself apart from their partner in their attitude and style of beauty, for which overlaid each individual dignity ... "(" The Story of Art. EH Gombrich, p 190)
.- Nicolás Pisano Pisa pulpit. Franciscan monks used to preach in the pulpit adorned with images, so in this case, the pulpit is not only the stage to preach the word of God but a banner Verdera biblical facts. Several episodes are depicted as the Annunciation, the birth, the adoration of the shepherds, the cruxificación and the final trial. In the image of Christ appears Cruxificación.
KEY:
As happened during the Romanesque, Gothic sculpture is full of symbols that were easily recognized by Christians and that helped to convey the biblical message. Each saint is clearly marked with its own symbol, so that it can be fully identified and that his message could also be easily understood by the viewer. For example, in the portico of the cathedral of Chartres (France) gave birth to several figures who were easily identifiable by the symbol that accompanied it: Abraham is represented as an old man holds his son ready for sacrifice, Moses appears with the tables of the Ten Commandments and Melchizedek king of Salem was carved with the chalice and the priestly censer the type or patron of priest, etc ...
As happened during the Romanesque, Gothic sculpture is full of symbols that were easily recognized by Christians and that helped to convey the biblical message. Each saint is clearly marked with its own symbol, so that it can be fully identified and that his message could also be easily understood by the viewer. For example, in the portico of the cathedral of Chartres (France) gave birth to several figures who were easily identifiable by the symbol that accompanied it: Abraham is represented as an old man holds his son ready for sacrifice, Moses appears with the tables of the Ten Commandments and Melchizedek king of Salem was carved with the chalice and the priestly censer the type or patron of priest, etc ...
Chartres Cathedral (detail) .- In the eastern jamb Chartres Cathedral can be seen to Melchizedek, Abraham and Isaac, Moses with the bronze serpent, Samuel and David, in the western displayed Isaiah, Jeremiah, Simeon, San Juan Bautista and San Pedro, all of them can be identified through their attributes.
ICONOGRAPHY GOTHIC:
ICONOGRAPHY GOTHIC:
The figures represented during the Gothic period belong to the religious theme: The image of Christ on the cross left the majestic Romanesque stiffness and becomes more human, leads a crown of thorns and a cloth or canvas draped, twisted legs and feet are nailed together with a single nail (unlike the Romans, the feet are not separately but together), highlights the wound in his side and his face express pain. Continues to represent Christ Pantocrator and doom. It also reproduces the figure of the Christ Child.
The Virgin takes full ownership for the Gothic, is represented as a mother, a beautiful, idealized, in direct contact with your child. It is no longer "Majestas Mariae" Romanesque but a humanized mother smiling at the viewer. It is also represented as the sorrowful mother, overwhelmed by the throes of passion. Likewise represent biblical figures and scenes from the lives of the saints, being the favorite San Francisco de Assisi, for being the patron of the Franciscans, the main religious order of the day.
The Virgin takes full ownership for the Gothic, is represented as a mother, a beautiful, idealized, in direct contact with your child. It is no longer "Majestas Mariae" Romanesque but a humanized mother smiling at the viewer. It is also represented as the sorrowful mother, overwhelmed by the throes of passion. Likewise represent biblical figures and scenes from the lives of the saints, being the favorite San Francisco de Assisi, for being the patron of the Franciscans, the main religious order of the day.
Christ Pantocrator , Cathedral Burgos. The image of Christ as the universal judge continues appearing in the Gothic, here is accompanied by the symbols of the four evangelists, known as the fourfold, more movement than is seen in Romanesque and divine bodies under the folds of clothing . 
Anonymous. La Piedad de Roettger .- polychrome wood .- (approx . 1300), height 88 cm. Museum Bonn. Mercy is one of the most poignant representations of Christian art. It represents the Virgin as Our Lady of Sorrows, Christ died in her lap. Here the Virgin shaken by physical pain and spiritual supports the brutally slain son's body, head to the crown of thorns falls backwards and drops of blood, wounds do well as a bunch of grapes, symbol of Christ mystical. This is one of the first works of this iconographic type, characterized by dramatic style or terribleness . This type of work promoted corporal mortification, widespread in the Middle Ages, in some cases reach the end of the movements of the flagellants. 
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
0 comments:
Post a Comment