The main characteristics or Kouros Kouros are: 1 .-
always represented naked men, young and full physical,
2 .- stiffness, although sometimes give the impression of forward motion of the legs as if walking;
3 .- symmetry, that is, both sides are equal;
4 .- Respect for the law of the frontal in the sense that they are made to be viewed from the front;
5 .- the outline of the bodies is geometric, square shoulders, waist close and arms falling along the body with closed fists, his hair long, straight and curly looks like an Egyptian Kalf.
6 .- Egyptian influence, but unlike Egyptian statues, the Greek Kuoros are totally naked.
7 .- The faces of the kuoros are characterized by "archaic smile" achieved by the curvature of the lips-up "... Obviously, among the Greeks the archaic smile means the same as your smile : joy and satisfaction, but also could be interpreted as an expression of life itself, because a dead person does not smiles ... "(" Greek Art "Michael Siebler, edt. Taschen, p. 10), and finally, the eyes are almond-shaped ears seem Ionic scrolls.
These naked bodies, well-trained and exercised not only symbolize the strength of a man, but reflect the Greek ideal of a perfect body, that there are Kuoros representation of gods and young athletes in the prime of youth .
The Kores or Korai are female figures dressed in long robes polychrome with geometric, first wear the Doric peplum and then the JITONA or chiton Ionic foot go together and can bend his arm. As the above are rigid, symmetrical front. The archaic smile played consistently in all figures.
Brothers and Biton Cleobis Polimedes Argos .- .- (approx. 615 BC) the Archaeological Museum of Delphi .- Kuoros type or Kouros Statues, 218 and 216 cm in height. The historian Herodotus tells us the legend: The young mother, Cydippe temple priestess of Hera, on the occasion of the festivals of the goddess to be held in the sanctuary of Argos, had to climb uphill to the temple located at 45 stages (8 km) but the oxen were tired and lay down in the road, then the children Cleobis and Biton, took the place of the animals and yoked to the wagon and oxen. Once in the temple, the mother prayed to God to grant their children the most precious gift we could have the man. After the feast and ritual celebrations young athletes lay down to sleep and never woke up from their eternal sleep. They were rewarded for a good death. Figures
can appreciate the characteristics of sculpture archaic, hieratic, archaic smile, almond eyes, very sharp cheekbones, hair braided in the style of an Egyptian Kalf, very simple anatomy enhancement triangular groin, one leg slightly ahead , arms at your side and clenched fists.
The Lady of Auxerre. Anonymous .- (seventh century BC), Limestone, 75 cm. Louvre Museum. It is one of the first Kores known of Greek art in the style called Daedalus. The front is marked and the symmetry is broken only by bending one arm. It has the typical archaic smile of Kores achieved by the curvature of the lips, eyes are almond-shaped, braided hair falling over the shoulders by limiting a triangular head. Her gown or robe Doric smooth and collected at the waist with a belt, wearing a cloak over his shoulders. The skirt is smooth though, takes a decoration geometric and should be colored. The figure stands on a plinth with feet close together, unlike male representations or Kuoros often one leg forward. Egyptian influential accused.
The peplum Kore .- (120 cm.) 540 BC Museum of Athens. A long robe called peplum, no creases and gathered at the waist by a belt is the origin of the name of this Kore. Modern analysis have found that the robe was decorated with animals like wild boar, goat and lion, so it is considered that this was a mere youth, but of the goddess Artemis, hence it is thought that in the arm wearing a bow missing. His hair is combed into long braids pulled back that fall on the shoulders. The outstanding quality in shaping the features of the face and left arm movement is an archaic technological advance. The statue remains of painting and is made of marble. In the images we see the Kore with a recreation of colors, in order to imagine the original color.
Over time Kuoros evolve, the more flexible hairstyle, hair is gathered behind the neck and then fell on the shoulders in the form of loops, its anatomy is less rigid but does not disappear front position or his smile. Likewise, the clothing of the Kores is modified, so that the Doric peplum, a long gown to the waist own set of the Dorians, or passed to JITONA chiton, a tunic Ionian wearing a short coat on top.
The Charioteer of Delphi .- Anonymous. (180 cm.) (Approx. 474 BC) the Archaeological Museum of Delphi. This is an original Greek sculpture in bronze, representing the athlete winning a horse race. The work was fully formed by the carriage and horses, which were lost. The arms are forward, as though to hold the reins. The calm attitude of the figure is at variance with the tension that must have the athlete during the race. Colored stones are kept filling the eyes and soft curly hair is tied with a ribbon decorated with a frieze. Vertical folds and high cut of the robe are seeing even more elongated figure. As a curiosity, the Greeks represented the gods, heroes and men in approximate sizes of 210, 190 and 180 cms. respectively
At the end of the Archaic period, the Greeks became independent of Egyptian influence and make models purely Greek gods, heroes and young athletes were naked in his youth in positions that break the symmetry. The anatomy of their bodies and movement announced the classical period. In this time of transition highlights the Kritias sculptor, author of the Tyrannicides group, known for literary references and aftershocks
The Tyrannicides. Kritias and Nesiotes. (1.85 and 1.83 mts.) (Approx. 477 BC) the Archaeological Museum of Naples. Severe or transitional style Roman copy .- .- In the year 514 BC and his lover Harmodio Aristogeiton planned the assassination of the tyrant Hipparchus and his brother Hippias at the Panathenaic festivals, in the plot succeeded in killing the first named. The tyrannicides are arrested and executed later in democracy were claimed and declared heroes. The original was destroyed by Xerxes in the invasion of Athens in World War II medical. The absence of frontal and movement of the figures announced in the classical period. It is the first time that ordinary citizens are represented without any religious connotation, thanks to its moralizing and exemplary action for freedom.
The Poseidon of Cape Anonymous Artemisio .- .- (460 BC) 209 cm. Severe or transitional style. Archaeological Museum of Athens. It is one of the few original Greek bronzes are preserved, was found at sea in 1928, which is symbolic because it is the god of the sea. It is a work full of dynamism that captures the god at the time of launching the trident. Has a marked muscle. The head rotates in the opposite direction to the body. The face has a beard. It is a figure that breaks the severity and rigidity of the archaic and can be considered a transitional work between the archaic and classical period.
As observed relief sculptures that decorated the eardrums of the temples, forced at first, to place the figures in different scales to solve the problem of triangular space, so that the central figure of the main God was placed on the figures larger side. Subsequently introduced bolder solutions in which animals or human figures kneeling or lying occupy lateral space without reducing the size. This effort to bring the figures results in a study of the dynamics of the human body to make it more flexible, which will improve during the classical era.
Pediment of the Temple of Artemis at Corfu . In the center tympani the Gorgon Medusa is flanked by two lions looking to the viewer. The Gorgon has snakes in her hair and waist. Between her and the lions are remains of a winged horse (Pegasus) and Chrysaor, children born of his blood at the time was destroyed by the hero Perseus. At the extremes there are other smaller figures, in order to bring them into space of the angles.
Details west pediment of the temple Afea .- Anonymous. Marble.
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