Greek vessels, in addition to its great artistic value are a historical record of the life and culture of the Greeks. The master ceramists painted on parts of the world and mythical scenes of everyday life. Everything was painted: gods, heroes, wars, orgies, sporting events to the burial of a hero or a domestic scene and even reproductions of famous sculptures lost in time.
are preserved many forms or types of painted vessels, such as the vase or jar with two vertical handles used for wine, the hydria similar to above but with horizontal handles water, bell-shaped crater, the lekytos , bottle-shaped oil, Alabastron, a small bottle to store perfume and Kylix, a sort of cup very open and shallow.
pottery was so important that in Athens there was a quarter the Kerameikos, where potters lived and worked.
Many of these vessels have been found not only in Greece but throughout the colonies and villages, which shows the high esteem in which he was a Greek pottery, one of the main products of domestic and foreign marketing.
Geometric Period .-
During the Greek Dark Age called a recession was almost complete cultural and artistic glory of Mycenaean times fell into oblivion, yet the production of ceramics was not extinguished. The vessels were decorated with geometric friezes, such as wavy lines, triangles, diamonds or concentric circles, hence this phase is named as geometric.
As technology advances, the decor is becoming more abundant and tend to decorate all spaces in what is called "Horror vacui" or fear of emptiness, which will continue until the end of period.
The schematic figure of man and animals appears to mid-eighth century BC, almost abstract language are represented the most significant features for the purpose of identifying the figure, so such a broad back and triangular, narrow waist and legs protruding served to recognize a Greek warrior. These figures of men and animals interspersed with lines or bands of geometric motifs,
most exploited themes, as well as decorative fretwork, are of a funeral such as " prothesis" funeral or crying and " Ekphora" or transfer of the deceased until burial.
previous East .-
late eighth century BC Corinthian style comes in ceramic with a strong Eastern influence. The figures of animals real and mythological griffins, sphinxes and lions are the most frequent of which are drawn so more natural than in the previous period. The human figure in war or hunting scenes and geometric patterns continue to be used to fill the space.
This style spread throughout Greece, Crete and the Cyclades islands were shaped vessel with the figure of the animal.
Corinthian Pottery .- (approx. 640 BC) Louvre Museum. This jug with handle high call Olpe is decorated with animals (goats, bulls, sphinxes and lions) glossy black on a light background.
Corinthian Ceramics .- British Museum. Ceramic plate style "wild goat" from the island of Rhodes, represents the Greek hero Menelaus combat against the Trojan hero Hector. The figures drawn in this style are stylized representations predominate wild goats, hence the name.
black-figure pottery
The black-figure technique was born in Corinth, however it is in Athens, in the middle of the sixth century where it reaches its highest degree of perfection.
pottery is a red background with figures drawn in black and incision in red to mark the details.
The human figure is the main protagonist this time, with horses and mythological monsters. The preferred subjects are mythology and sports games.
On the way to represent the human figure are the parameters of the archaic sculpture, but with greater freedom of movement .-
artists usually sign their work, therefore we know the names of the glass painter Funeral of Achilles and Ajax and Clytie, author francois vessel.
Amphora with Achilles and Ajax playing. Funeral (approx. 550 BC) Vatican Museums, Rome. 61.cm. Funerals or Exekias, Athenian painter and ceramist, considered the greatest painter of the black figures was an innovator, enhanced the background color of the tile with a coral tone. They have survived 11 works by this author duly signed and attributed about 25 more. The amphora shows the two heroes playing craps. The stance is not relaxed, they are both outstanding game, which symbolizes war. Achilles and Ajax are seated on a stool, facing each other. From the mouth of Achilles written out the word "four" and Ajax "three" of what follows that playing dice. Shields against the wall have different motives, the left has a Silenus on a panther and the Gorgona on the right a snake. Achilles has a superb war helmet and the head of Ajax, carefully combed reminded statues of Kuroiso, clothes are hung. Aristocratic status is clear and the ideal of external beauty, values \u200b\u200bobviously have two heroes.
Francois Vase, Clytie. (approx. 570 BC). Archaeological Museum of Florence. This crater is considered the top piece of Greek pottery. It was created by ergot and painted pottery technique black figures by the artist Clytie, both artists appear by signing the piece. This piece was intended for mixing wine with water, its large size and wide mouth allowing guests for banquets or symposia introduce their glasses to drink. Was decorated about 270 figures, which stand out scenes for hunting wild boar of Calydon (Eneo, king of Calydon forgot make offerings to the goddess Artemis and sent it as punishment for rough boar in the region. the famous hunt was organized Calydonian that was attended by the heroes of the time, besides the son of King Meleager, Atalanta went. Many of the men refused to compete with a woman, but love the jacket Meleager persuaded to participate. Atalanta was the first injure the animal, but Meleager finished him off, however gave the skin in recognition of their participation. Several hunters were upset, including uncles Meleager maternal and he killed them in combat. His mother cursed him and subsequently caused his death. Appear also painted scenes of the hero Theseus and the Centauromachy.
red-figure pottery .-
late sixth century in Athens appears red-figure pottery. This style of pottery is imposed during the Greek classical period and unlike the old style, the figures remain the color of clay and painted only in black background. These vessels are
further enhance the drawing, particularly in the drapery of the clothing in the marking of the muscles and treatment transparent fabrics, for details were not made through a cut or slit but is painted black.
We know the names of several painters of this period: Eufronio, Nicóstenes, and Andocides Amasis, the latter are conserved fifteen pieces.
At the end of the red and black figures are mixed in the ceramic called bilingual and scenes appear on the private life and domestic habits, especially on the women's quarters, part of the house reserved for women.
Hypnos and Thanatos carrying to Sarpedon .- Eufronio. (510 BC) calyx krater. Clay 45.8 cm. (Cap. 45 liters). New York Metropolitan Museum. The painter lived Eufronio major events, the fall of the tyranny of Pisistratus in Athens, the establishment of democracy, the battle of Marathon, the destruction of Athens by the Persians and the victory of the Athenian fleet over the Persians at Salamis. Eufronio signing is associated with the birth of ceramics with red figures. The vase was made by the potter Eusiteo, who also signed the cup appears. The scene on an episode of the Trojan War is limited by two ornamental lines, the upper consisting of palm leaves and the lower by a series of palm leaves and lotus flowers. Hypnos and Thanatos, Sleep and death are two winged figures bearing the body of Sarpedon, son of Zeus to whom Patroclus was killed during combat. The god Hermes, recognizable by his cap, sandals and the caduceus monitors the transfer of the dead. On either side are two Trojan warriors. Sarpedon's body dominates the scene, their wounds do well streams of blood. Note the exquisite details of the wings, hair, muscles of the body achieved through the technique of the red figure.
Oedipus and the Sphinx .- In Greek mythology the Sphinx was a demon who was head of a woman, lion body and wings of an eagle. This demon ravaging and killing all passengers on their way to Thebes and could not solve the riddle. The king offered the hand of his sister Jocasta in marriage to whoever could solve the riddle and thus destroy the monster. Oedipus is featured in the plate when being interrogated. "... There is on earth a being bipedal and quadrupedal, which has only one voice, and it is also tripod. It is the only thing that changes its appearance of those things move by land, air or sea. But when he's supported in more feet, then the mobility of their members is much weaker ... "To which the hero said:" ... Listen, even if they want, ominous Musa of the dead, my voice, which is the end of your madness. You have referred to man, that when you drag the ground, at first, born from the womb of the mother and four-legged and helpless, being old, supports his cane as a third foot, carrying the neck bent by old age ... "Upon hearing the answer the Sphinx threw herself from the top and died. In return Oedipus married his mother Jocasta, and unknowingly became the king of Thebes.
.- Andocides Heracles and Athena. (520 BC) (53.5 cm.) Museum of Munich. This vase belongs to bilingual type, ie mixing the black with red figures. Hercules Greek hero par excellence on both sides is lying in a Klinai. In the face with black figures holding a glass of wine and is looking to the goddess Athena, who is standing in front of him, with his war helmet, behind the goddess is Hermes, recognizable by his winged shoes his cap away. A servant takes care of mixing naked wine. In the face with the red figures the composition is much simpler, only appears the hero and the goddess Athena. Hercules is not limited to be rested but tries to stand up and his head is raised to cover the amphora ornamental line, one hand holding the cup and the other gives a flower to the goddess. Another vine frames the scene and the frets or ornaments and cushions Klinai reveal the refinement of detail achieved with the technique of the figures in red.
Hellenistic period .-
ceramic production suffers a setback, but that vessels are decorated with painted reliefs. The workshops run with a glossy black decoration adorned with flowers or animals, sometimes painted the piece after firing, so that the colors were much less durable.
Laginο decorated with musical instruments , 150 - 100 a. C. , Louvre .
0 comments:
Post a Comment